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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ammonoxidation</span></h1>
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<p>Die <b>Ammonoxidation</b> ist ein chemisches Verfahren, mit dem aus <a href="Organische_Verbindung" class="mw-redirect" title="Organische Verbindung">organischen Verbindungen</a> mit <a href="Methylgruppe" title="Methylgruppe">Methylgruppen</a> durch gleichzeitige Reaktion mit <a href="Ammoniak" title="Ammoniak">Ammoniak</a> und <a href="Sauerstoff" title="Sauerstoff">Sauerstoff</a> die entsprechenden <a href="Nitril" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitril">Nitrile</a> hergestellt werden.<sup id="cite_ref-roempp_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roempp-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verfahrensbeschreibung">Verfahrensbeschreibung</h2></div>
<p>Bei der Ammonoxidation handelt es sich um eine <a href="Gasphase" class="mw-redirect" title="Gasphase">Gasphasenreaktion</a>, welche meist bei Temperaturen oberhalb von 300 <a href="Grad_Celsius" title="Grad Celsius">°C</a> durchgeführt wird. Hierzu werden oft <a href="Metalle" title="Metalle">metallische</a> <a href="Katalysator" title="Katalysator">Katalysatoren</a>, beispielsweise <a href="Platin" title="Platin">Platin</a>, benötigt.
</p><p>Die allgemeine Reaktionsgleichung lautet:
</p>
<div style="margin-left: 1.6em;"><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {R{-}CH_{3}\ +\ NH_{3}\ +\ 1{,}5\ O_{2}{\xrightarrow {\Delta T,Kat}}\ R{-}CN\ +\ 3\ H_{2}O} }">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {R{-}CH_{3}\ +\ NH_{3}\ +\ 1{,}5\ O_{2}{\xrightarrow {\Delta T,Kat}}\ R{-}CN\ +\ 3\ H_{2}O} }</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/360dfcb5f97169bf17beb21ef858f3941dbfdf49.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; margin-top: -0.326ex; width:51.9ex; height:4.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {R{-}CH_{3}\ +\ NH_{3}\ +\ 1{,}5\ O_{2}\xrightarrow {\Delta T,Kat} \ R{-}CN\ +\ 3\ H_{2}O} }" loading="lazy"></span><br></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beispiele">Beispiele</h2></div>
<p>Industriell bedeutende Ammonoxidationen sind das <a href="Sohio-Verfahren" title="Sohio-Verfahren">Sohio-Verfahren</a>, welches der Herstellung von <a href="Acrylnitril" title="Acrylnitril">Acrylnitril</a> aus <a href="Propen" title="Propen">Propen</a> dient, sowie das <a href="Andrussow-Verfahren" title="Andrussow-Verfahren">Andrussow-Verfahren</a>, mit welchem <a href="Cyanwasserstoff" title="Cyanwasserstoff">Blausäure</a> aus <a href="Methan" title="Methan">Methan</a> gewonnen wird. Ferner besitzt die Herstellung von <a href="Phthalonitril" class="mw-redirect" title="Phthalonitril">Phthalonitril</a> aus <a href="O-Xylol" class="mw-redirect" title="O-Xylol"><i>o</i>-Xylol</a> industrielle Bedeutung.
</p>
<div style="margin-left: 1.6em;"><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {CH_{4}\ +\ NH_{3}\ +\ 1{,}5\ O_{2}\longrightarrow \ H{-}CN\ +\ 3\ H_{2}O,\ \Delta _{R}\ =\ -469\ kJ/mol} }">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {CH_{4}\ +\ NH_{3}\ +\ 1{,}5\ O_{2}\longrightarrow \ H{-}CN\ +\ 3\ H_{2}O,\ \Delta _{R}\ =\ -469\ kJ/mol} }</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/d5b32132a99bbbf273a8a2b1894b57b27839b3fb.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:69.924ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {CH_{4}\ +\ NH_{3}\ +\ 1{,}5\ O_{2}\longrightarrow \ H{-}CN\ +\ 3\ H_{2}O,\ \Delta _{R}\ =\ -469\ kJ/mol} }" loading="lazy"></span><br><div style="font-size:90%;">Andrussow-Verfahren<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div>
<div style="margin-left: 1.6em;"><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {CH_{2}{=}CH{-}CH_{3}\ +\ NH_{3}\ +\ 1{,}5\ O_{2}\longrightarrow \ CH_{2}{=}CH{-}CN\ +\ 3\ H_{2}O,\ \Delta _{R}\ =\ -516\ kJ/mol} }">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {CH_{2}{=}CH{-}CH_{3}\ +\ NH_{3}\ +\ 1{,}5\ O_{2}\longrightarrow \ CH_{2}{=}CH{-}CN\ +\ 3\ H_{2}O,\ \Delta _{R}\ =\ -516\ kJ/mol} }</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/20eca796572e381ec45a485e3a8e513c1e7e8c4f.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:89.398ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {CH_{2}{=}CH{-}CH_{3}\ +\ NH_{3}\ +\ 1{,}5\ O_{2}\longrightarrow \ CH_{2}{=}CH{-}CN\ +\ 3\ H_{2}O,\ \Delta _{R}\ =\ -516\ kJ/mol} }" loading="lazy"></span><br><div style="font-size:90%;">Sohio-Verfahren<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Quellen">Quellen</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-roempp-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-roempp_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Eintrag zu <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://roempp.thieme.de/lexicon/RD-01-02185"><i>Ammonoxidation</i></a>. In: <i><a href="R%C3%B6mpp_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Römpp Online">Römpp Online</a>.</i> Georg Thieme Verlag, abgerufen am 29. Mai 2014.<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r261891140">
/* start https://de.wikipedia.org/ */
.mw-parser-output .webarchiv-memento a{color:inherit}
/* end https://de.wikipedia.org/ */
</style><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140123211424/http://www.anorg.chemie.uni-frankfurt.de/AK_Schmidt/lehre/tc/tc_wolf_1.pdf"><i>Überführung chemischer Prozesse aus dem Labor- in den Produktionsmaßstab</i></a> (<span class="webarchiv-memento"><a href="Webarchivierung#Begrifflichkeiten" title="Webarchivierung">Memento</a></span> vom 23. Januar 2014 im <i><a href="Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></i>) Vorlesung Technische Chemie, Uni Frankfurt (PDF; 1,2 MB).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Industrial Organic Chemistry, <a href="Klaus_Weissermel" title="Klaus Weissermel">Klaus Weissermel</a>, <a href="Hans-J%C3%BCrgen_Arpe" title="Hans-Jürgen Arpe">Hans-Jürgen Arpe</a>, John Wiley & Sons, 3. Auflage <b>1997</b>, ISBN 3-527-28838-4.</span>
</li>
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